That's not the frame. Those are spherical washers. Their purpose is to accommodate misalignment between the caliper screws and the caliper. Your options:
• Wiggle those washers to the side. • Grind down the washers for clearance. • Replace the washers with something narrower. • Replace the washers with a more compact style, which will probably require shorter screws.
The first step in this case would actually be recentering caliper pistons... U can see how the right pad is being pulled way more than the left pad. This should also be the solution for rubbing problem.
Have you realigned the caliber and centred the pads as suggested? The photo indicates a problem. Get the line on the caliper in the middle on the disc, looking strait on. Then 'centre' pads. Correcting this issue never fails to give stronger 'feeling' brakes',and may stop rubbing. If rub continues, file the damn adapter a bit.
The photo shows the fastener hardware - specifically, the spherical washers - are super close to the rotor. You can replace them with different hardware that has a lower profile, if that's what's rubbing.